Hypothecation is a process in which the car purchased with a loan is pledged as collateral with the lender until the loan is fully repaid. It allows the borrower to use the vehicle while the lender retains legal ownership as a safeguard against default.
In case you are availing a loan to purchase a car, the vehicle is pledged to the bank as an asset. Even though you will have physical possession of the car, the bank will hold the vehicle as security or collateral.
Once the car has been purchased by availing a car loan, the registration process is completed by the Regional Transport Office (RTO). The Registration Certificate (RC) will have your name mentioned on it as well.
However, an endorsement will be included in the RC (in the bank's favour). This is mainly done since the car is owned by the bank till the loan is repaid. The car's insurance will also be made in favour of the bank. However, you can continue to use the car for business and personal purposes.
In case you wish to sell a car that is hypothecated, you will first need to contact the bank and check for the outstanding dues. Next, you must clear the outstanding amount. However, certain banks may come to an agreement with the new buyer to clear the outstanding loan.
Once the outstanding amount has been cleared, you must collect the NOC and can then sell the car.
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