Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan 2025

1. Improve literacy rates among underprivileged children 

1. Enhance infrastructure, teaching, and digital learning 

1. Promote community participation in school development 

Key Features of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan

1. Free textbooks, uniforms, and mid-day meals for students 

1. Establishment of new schools and classrooms 

1. Special focus on girls’ education and inclusive learning 

1. Deployment of trained teachers in rural and urban areas 

1. Use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in schools 

Regular teacher training programs 

1. Provision of toilets, libraries, ramps, and drinking water 

Implementation and Funding

1. SSA was launched in partnership with state governments and is jointly funded by: 

1. Central Government (60–90%) 

1. State Governments (10–40%) 

1. Monitoring is done through: 

1. District Information System for Education (DISE) 

1. Block Resource Centres (BRCs) 

1. Cluster Resource Centres (CRCs) 

Beneficiaries of SSA

Major Components of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan

• Infrastructure Development: Construction of new schools and classrooms. 
• Teacher Recruitment & Training: Hiring of trained teachers and capacity-building. 
• Girls’ Education: Focus on female enrolment via Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalayas (KGBV). 
• Inclusive Education: Facilities for children with special needs. 
• Monitoring and Evaluation: Use of Unified District Information System for Education (UDISE+). 
• Community Mobilization: School Management Committees (SMCs) and local involvement. 

Impact of SSA in India

1. Increased enrolment rate: From 82% in 2001 to nearly 97% in 2020. 

1. Reduced dropout rates in primary education. 

1. Significant improvement in gender parity in rural areas. 

1. Establishment of over 2 lakh schools and 6 lakh classrooms. 

1. Enhanced participation of marginalized communities. 

SSA and Right to Education Act (RTE)

1. SSA became the vehicle for implementing RTE after 2009. 

1. The Act mandates: 

1. Free and compulsory education for 6–14 age group 

1. No detention and no board exams till Class 8 

1. Norms for pupil–teacher ratio, school infrastructure, and curriculum 

Transition to Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan

1. In 2018, the government merged SSA with RMSA and TE under Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan. 

1. SSA now functions as a key sub-program focusing on elementary education. 

1. Emphasis shifted to holistic education from pre-primary to Class 12. 

Challenges in Implementation

1. Regional disparities in infrastructure 

1. Teacher absenteeism in rural schools 

1. Learning gaps despite high enrolment 

1. Poor monitoring in tribal and remote areas 

Future Scope and Digital Push

1. Promotion of e-learning and smart classrooms 

1. Integration with NEP 2020 for foundational literacy and numeracy 

1. Greater use of DIKSHA platform for teacher and student learning